Common Keys

1-9, 0, .	Enter numbers and decimal point
+ - × ÷	Enter arithmetic operations just as they are written, from left to right. Note that × and ÷ have precedence over + and -, that is, × and ÷ calculations are performed before + and - ones
AC	Clear all displayed calculations or values
C	Clear the number which is currently displayed
+/-	Click immediately after inputting a value to change its sign

Memory Locations Users can invoke the memory pop-up regardless of which plug-in is currently in use. A total of 10 memory locations are available. The picture on the left shows how to store value to and retrieve value from the memory locations. Backspace When a digit has been entered incorrectly, click the backspace to remove the last digit of the number currently displayed.

Constant Operators
Click arithmetic operators twice, i.e., ++, --, ×× or ÷÷. The preceding number will be saved temporarily as constant for further calculations.

Example

Operations		Display
Store 7 temporarily as constant and calculate 7 times 5.	7 ×× 5 =	35
Calculate 7 times 8	8 =	56

• Invoke AC Calc, click the Menu button and select the Mode menu. Choose Options and enter '$' in the Add number begin with field.

• Select the Edit menu. Click Sum Clipboard.

Select the Mode menu.

Click the area showing the Current Plug-In function to invoke the Plug-In Menu.

This section explains the usage of each Plug-In Function through examples .

Select from Plug-In Menu Area to convert areas among different measuring units.

Units Basic Definition in2 square inches ft2 square feet yd2 square yards acre acres mil2 square miles mm2 square milli-meters cm2 square centi-meters m2 square meters ha hactares km2 square kilometers

Select from Plug-In Menu Euro to convert among Euro and 11 'in' European currencies.

Currencies Exchange Rate (1 Euro =) EUR 1 ATS 13.7603 BEF 40.3399 DEM 1.95583 ESP 166.386 FIM 5.94573 FRF 6.55957 IEP 0.787564 ITL 1936.27 LUF 40.3399 NLG 2.20371 PTE 200.482

Example
How much is DM1500 when converted to Euro?

Operations		Display
Clear	AC	0
Input amount	1500 DEM	1,500
Convert to Euro	EUR	766.94

Select from Plug-In Menu General.

Basic Definition Mac Clear memory location no. 1 Min Store in memory location no. 1 M+ Add to memory location no. 1 M- Minus from memory location no. 1 M Retrieve from memory location no. 1 Abs Absolute value Mod Modulus Int Intergral part Frac Fractional part Ran Random number pi % percentage

Examples

Operations		Display
Absolute value of 100 minus 999	100 - 999 = Abs	899
Modulus of 100 divided by 7	100 Mod 7 =	2
Integral part of	Int	3
Fractional part of	Frac	0.1415926535898

Select from Plug-In Menu Interest to perform compound interest calculation.

Variables Basic Definition PV Present value principal or loan amount on start date FV Future value principal plus interest at maturity PMT Payment amount instalment amount n Term number of compound interest periods i% Interest rate interest rate per term Functions Basic Definition Rcl Recall show the current values of all variables Clr Clear reset all variables under Interest Plug-In BGN Beginning of term ×12 Multiply inputted number by 12 ÷ 12 Divide inputted number by 12 Amo Amortization view principal amount, interest amount and outstanding balance of each installment until maturity Cal Calculate followed by variable the value of which is to be calculated

Remarks:
To represent amounts such as PV, FV and PMT, +ve numbers indicate cash inflows (i.e., receiving money) while -ve numbers indicate cash outflows (i.e., paying money).

Three types of compound interest calculations:

Example 2
Calculate the total principal and interest after 4 years for a principal of $50,000 at 10%, compounded monthly.

Operations		Display
Reset variables	Clr	(no change)
Principal amount	50000 +/- PV	-50,000
Interest rate	10 ÷ 12 i%	0.83
Term	4 ×12 n	48
Calculate	Cal FV	74,467.70

Now, assume that payment is made at beginning of each month.

Operations		Display
Beginning of term	BGN	(no change)
Calculate total principal and interest	Cal FV	17,529.72

How if the interest rate is 10.25% instead?

Operations		Display
Interest Rate	10.25 & ; 12 i%	0.85
Calculate total principal and interest	Cal PV	1,528,049.82

Select from Plug-In Menu Length to convert lengths among different measuring units.

Units Basic Definition mil Mils in Inches ft Feet yd Yards mi Miles nmi Nautical miles u Microns mm Milli-meters cm Centi-meters m Meters km Kilo-meters au Astronomical Units

Select from Plug-In Menu Margin to calculate between cost, selling price and margin.

Variables Basic Definition CST Cost SEL Selling Price MAR Margin Functions Basic Definition Cal Calculate Rcl Recalculate Clr Clear

The formula MAR% = (SEL - CST) / SEL is applied.

Examples
If a product which costs $90 sells for $100, what is the profit margin (in %)?

Operations		Display
Enter cost	90 CST	90
Enter selling price	100 SEL	100
Calculate margin	Cal MAR	10

Select from Plug-In Menu Math to use mathematical functions.

Functions Basic Definition X2 Squares Xy Powers 10x Ten to the power x ex Exponential X! Factorials e.g., 5! = 5x4x3x2x1 nCr Combination = n! * (n-r)! / r! Square roots Roots log Logarithms ln Natural logarithms 1/X Reciprocals nPr Permutation = n! / (n-r)!

Select from Plug-In Menu Memory to store values to memory locations.

Variables Basic Definition K1 - K11 Memory locations Function Basic Definition Sto Store value to a memory location

Select from Plug-In Menu Option Price for the Black Schole option pricing model.

Variables Basic Definition S Stock price X Exercise price (Strike price) t Time to expiration (no. of years) r Risk-free interest rate (%) s Standard deviation of stock prices from their average

Functions	Basic Definition
Call	Price of a call option
Put	Price of a put option

Select from Plug-In Menu Programmer to perform bitwise operations and input hexidecimal numbers. Users must select either Bin, Oct, Dec or Hex mode to use the functions in this plug-in.

Functions Basic Definition not   and   or   xor   << Shift bits to left >> Shift bits to right

Keys
A to F	Hexidecimal representation of 10 to 15 respectively

Select from Plug-In Menu Statistical to carry out statistical operations.

Functions Basic Definition Xs n Standard Deviation, n Xs n-1 Standard Deviation, n-1 X Mean n Number of data items å X Summation of all data å X2 Summation of squares of all data Clr Clear all data Freq Enter a datum for a number of times Dta Enter a datum

Example
Calculate sum, mean and standard deviation for the following set of data: 13, 6, 8, 8, 8

Select from Plug-In Menu Trigo to calculate trigonometric ratios.

Functions Basic Definition cos cosine sin sine tan tangent cosh hyperbolic cosine sinh hyperbolic sine tanh hyperbolic tangent cos-1 arc cosine sin-1 arc sine tan-1 arc tangent cosh-1 arc hyperbolic cosine sinh-1 arc hyperbolic sine tanh-1 arc hyperbolic tangent

Select from Plug-In Menu Weight to convert weights among different measuring units.

Units Basic Definition gr Grain oz Ounces lb Pound stone Stone cwt Hundredweight ton Ton mg Milli-gram g Gram kg Kilo-gram t Tonne